Which pest has the least ability to spread disease?

Ants typically have the least ability to spread disease compared to other listed pests. While ants can contaminate food by carrying pathogens on their bodies or legs, they are not known to carry as many serious diseases as mice, flies, or cockroaches. Flies are particularly notorious for spreading diseases due to their ability to transfer pathogens from decaying organic matter to food sources. Mice can also carry diseases, as they can contaminate food and surfaces with their droppings, urine, and nesting materials. Roaches are known vectors of various pathogens and allergens, further contributing to their potential to spread disease. Therefore, in terms of disease transmission, ants are generally considered less of a public health threat compared to these other pests.